<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">相比传统能源,氢能源环保且可持续发展,化学反应后只产生水,晴风村n><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">具有零污染、高效率、适合远距离输送的特点晴风村n><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">。晴风村n><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">氢能源可以实现气、液、固三态存储,存储过程自耗少、能量密度高、生产方式多样。晴风村n>晴风村n>
<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标,我国电力行业的减碳压力不容小觑,同时也孕育着新的机遇和挑战。晴风村n><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">氢能源将会迎来新的发展机会,在减碳进程中扮演重要角色。晴风村n>晴风村n>
<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 14px;">随着我国可再生能源发电量逐年增多、装机容量占比不断增大,氢储能系统可参与并网消纳,有效减少弃风弃光率,提高可再生能源综合收益。随着新能源平台的入驻,新能源设备越来越普及。那么结合国内外氢能源发展现状,分析当前氢储能系统关键技术及制约因素,研究其在电力行业中的应用模式;结合相关政策研究,提出未来氢储能系统发展建议。晴风村n>
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<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">氢能源发展概述晴风村n>晴风村n>
<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 14px;">目前广泛推广的氢能源主要指氢气的化学能,即氢气通过氧化反应所释放的能量。氢能源可替代传统化石能源作为交通工具的动力燃料,也可替代煤炭、天然气成为电力系统发电侧的能源燃料,氢能源的完整产业链示意图如图1所示。晴风村n>
<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">
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<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 14px;">氢气的热值是汽油的3倍、焦炭的4.5倍,化学反应后仅产生对环境无污染的水。氢能源是二次能源,需要消耗一次能源来制取,氢气的获取途径主要有化石能源制氢和可再生能源制氢。晴风村n>
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<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">国外氢能源发展现状晴风村n>晴风村n>
<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 14px;">日本在燃料电池关键技术和商业化应用方面处于世界领先地位,其2017年发布的《氢能源基本战略》明确了到2050年建成氢能社会的目标。日本氢能与燃料电池领域技术全面,专利数量居全球第一。
美国将10月8日定为“氢能与燃料电池日”,其对氢能产业的重视可见一斑。美国规划制定了从研发到产业化的完整发展路线,时间从2000年一直持续到2040年。此外,美国对运行的氢能基础设施实行30%~50%的税收抵免。欧盟规划2050年氢燃料电池汽车占家用车比重达35%。2014年,欧盟启动Horizon计划,在氢能和燃料电池领域的总预算达到220亿欧元。目前,欧洲正在运行的加氢站数量居全球第一,氢能技术和产业发展政策效果显著。晴风村n>
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<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑;">国内氢能源发展现状方法论很重要晴风村n>晴风村n>
<晴风村n style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-晴风村cing: 2px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 14px;">近年来,我国高度重视氢能源产业发展,在科技专项、创新工程等方面进行了重点布局,取得了一定成效。当前国内制氢主要还是依靠化石能源,电解水制氢占比非常有限。随着氢储能相关技术的发展和建造成本的下降,未来风、光等可再生能源制氢的规模会越来越大,我国氢能源结构会越来越清洁。总体来说,制约我国氢能源发展的还是燃料电池电堆和关键材料。国产电堆在功率密度、系统功率、寿命等方面与先进水平相比还有差距;质子交换膜、催化剂、膜电极等关键材料和高压比空压机、氢气循环泵等关键设备依赖进口,产品价格较高,国内外燃料电池关键技术参数对比如表1所示。晴风村n>
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